E-Waste+Neg+-+Topicality

Topicality – Increasing = pre-existing

A. Interpretation: Increase implies pre-existent assistance. Webster’s ‘98 Increase: to make greater, argument, implies to what is already well grown, or well developed

B. Violation – the plan creates an entirely new policy to buy back e-waste, not modifying any previous policies.

C. This hurts limits – There are infinite types of assistance that can be created for Africa, exploding the topic and overloading the neg research burden. That means no clash and no education. Pre-existing is crucial because it narrows the number of cases that can be run down to an imaginable and estimable number – there are only so many policies, so many agencies providing assistance to Africa.

D. Thus hurts education – with no clash in the round due to infinite possibilities, there is no way the neg could learn from the round or from researching because there is too much to research. This undermines the purpose of debate.

E. Effects topicality – the plan does not directly increase public health assistance; rather it’s implications leads to improved public health – this is justified under their interpretation which allows them to create anything that eventually improves public health – our interpretation is crucial to limit out those unpredictable cases and focus on foreign aid programs in existence now.

E. Topicality is a voting issue to ensure fairness and education in debate.

Topicality – Assistance = material aid

A. Interpretation: Assistance is exclusively material aid Wohlgemuth 06 Guest Professor - Centre for African Studies (Lennart, “Humanitarian Assistance” http://www.globalstudies.gu.se/digitalAssets/808122_Perspectives_3.pdf

Humanitarian assistance deals with the effects of natural disasters and man-made crises (Sida, 2005). It refers to a means of mitigating the human damage caused by natural catastrophes, armed conflicts and other disasters by providing immediate assistance and support. However, the term assistance could be interpreted by many as exclusively pertaining to providing material aid (e.g. food, shelter and medical aid). In the case of violent conflicts, civilians and refugees could need additional protection (e.g. Bosnian genocide). The term “humanitarian action” conveys both assistance and protection, and consists of activities to assist and to protect victims of natural and man-made crises (Juma and Suhrke, 2002). While Sweden recognizes the primary responsibility of states to look after the welfare and needs of the civilians within its borders, humanitarian action is based on the notion of “humanitarian imperative”, which declares that citizens and countries (that possess the necessary capacity) have the duty to assist people in need and to provide “humanitarian action in accordance with international laws and established practices in humanitarian aid operations” (MFA 2004/05:52). Minister C. Jämtin stressed that the notion of ‘humanitarian imperative’, the duty to save human lives and alleviate human suffering, is the basic guiding principle in Swedish humanitarian aid (Sveriges Riksdag, fråga 2003/04:596).

B. Violation Plan takes back materials and does not send any materials to aid Africans

C. Limits—Public health is a broad topic, and if we do not limit out affs outside of material assistance, then there would be an infinite possibilities for the affirmative. Pre-existing is crucial because it narrows the number of cases that can be run down to an imaginable and estimable number – there are only so many policies, so many agencies providing assistance to Africa.

D. Thus hurts education – with no clash in the round due to infinite possibilities, there is no way the neg could learn from the round or from researching because there is too much to research. This undermines the purpose of debate.

E. Topicality is a voter for fairness and education.