Nathan+DuPont+and+Michael+Park+1AC

Contention One – Inherency

Disease surveillance systems in Africa are failing due to a severe lack of funds. James Thuo Njugana, Master’s Degree in Biotechnology; Writer, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Biological and Chemical Weapons; Member, International Livestock Research Institute, worked on control of trypanosomosis and malaria; Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed], 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

“Disease surveillance and … African Security Review).”

Plan: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES AS NECESSARY TO ENSURE COMPREHENSIVE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA

Advantage 1: Rift Valley Fever

A. Disease Surveillance effectively contains RVF, which otherwise kills livestock, which in turn crashes the African Economy Cynthia M. O’Carrol, Works at NASA. Feb 5, 02. “Satellites Tracking Climate Changes and links to disease outbreaks in Africa” http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NasaNews/2002/200202057369.html “By observing climate variability from space…….it remains a mystery in many respects.”

B. Economic Decline collapses states and sparks instability and way Jeffery D. Sachs. Prof of International Trade Department of Economics and Director, Center for International Development, Harvard University 2001, The Washington Quarterly, “The Strategic Significance of Global Inequality,” 24: 3, p. 187-198 Project Muse “Foreign Economic Performance and U.S. Strategic Interests……slow economic growth raise the probability of conflict.5”

C. African instability escalates to a nuclear war involving the major powers Jeffery Deutsch, founder of the Rabid Tiger Project, a political risk consulting and related research firm, 11-18-02. http://www.rabidtigerrs.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html “The Rabid Tiger Project Believes that…….great powers feel compelled to follow their client states.”

Advantage 2: Genocide

Disease surveillance is necessary to predict and prevent genocide before it occurs—the work involved in the surveillance of diseases can be easily applied to prevent violence. David P. Eisenman, assistant professor for the Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research at the UCLA School of medicine, 2002, “Genocide” Encyclopedia of public health, http://health.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/genocide [Nathan]

“The precursors, processes, and … of the genocide.”

Moreover, this system allows the prediction of refugee migrations, which is a critical internal link into solving massive manifestations of violence, including civil wars and genocide.

Jeff Grabmeier assistant director of research communications at Ohio State University, 9/29/98, “Warning Systems may help predict potential refugee crises”, http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/refugee.htm [Nathan]

“When natural disasters … precede refugee migrations.’”

We as intellectuals must speak out in public forums against genocide. Continual failure to deal with genocide crushes the human spirit and makes multiple scenarios for extinction inevitable. Our ethic is key to solve all suffering.

Ketels ’96 Associate Professor of English at Temple University//bchang

“Even though, as … responsibility, human reason.’”

Contention 2: Solvency

The United States is uniquely positioned to do disease surveillance due to technical expertise. (Population and Development Review, March 96, “The National Science and Technology Council on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases” Vol. 22, No. 1., JSTOR) [Ram]

“A global system … smallpox and polio.”

US action is critical to spur international cooperation which is necessary to solve case. (Population and Development Review, March 96, “The National Science and Technology Council on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases” Vol. 22, No. 1., JSTOR) [Ram]

“The challenge ahead … in this endeavor.”

Lack of US leadership would destroy all other multilateral efforts at international cooperation. David P. Fidler, B.A., 1986, University of Kansas; J.D., 1991, Harvard Law School; M. Phil. International Relations, 1988, University of Oxford; B.C.L., 1991, University of Oxford. Associate, Sullivan & Cromwell, London, 1991-93. Associate, Stinson, Mag & Fizzell, Kansas City, 1993-95. Lecturer, University of Oxford, 1990-93; Professor, International Law, Indiana; World authority on bioterrorism, infectious diseases, and foreign investment; Consultant, WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Public Health; Advisor, US Department of Defense, Bioterrorism, and to the Federation of American Scientists Working Group on Biological Weapons, Spring 2002, “Bioterrorism, Public Health, And International Law,” Chicago Journal of International Law 7-25, 23-25, http://academic.udayton.edu/health/syllabi/Bioterrorism/2PublicHealth/PHealth01.htm//bchang

“B. Global public health … the United States.”

Disease surveillance effectively contains disease through allowing for pattern recognition and basic precautionary procedure—local health workers alone lack necessary skills.

James Thuo Njugana, Master’s Degree in Biotechnology; Writer, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Biological and Chemical Weapons; Member, International Livestock Research Institute, worked on control of trypanosomosis and malaria; Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed], 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

“Ministries of health … organisms studied further.”

Disease surveillance is critical to all other methodologies of containing disease—it’s necessary for any system dealing with health. Mac W. Otten, Jr., MD, MPH, Medical Epidemiologist, African Regional Office (WHO) and Helen Perry, MA, Educational Design Specialist, Division of International Health (CDC), 6/01, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in the African Region,” Harare, Zimbabwe and Atlanta, Georgia, USA, http://www.cdc.gov/idsr/focus/surv_sys_strengthening/tech_guidelines-integrated-diseaseENG.pdf//bchang

“Communicable diseases are … are most needed.”