SS+HaO'Brien+-+Reparations

Previous version(s) that may have more info are here
As of August 1
 * P****lan:**
 * The** **United States** **federal government should substantially increase its public health assistance to Sub Saharan** **Africa****.**


 * Chapter 1: The Apartheid Past**
 * The public health failures in** **Africa** **are a result of ongoing** **US** **colonialism. The** **US** **must address the question of reparations to recognize and reconcile centuries of apartheid.**
 * __Africa__** **__Action__** "Reparations" 200**__7 (__**http://www.africaaction.org/resources/issues/reparations.php).

Salih **__Booker,__** executive director of Africa Action. June 19, 200**__3__** (Who owes whom? AIDS and reparations [|Christian Science Monitor], http://www.africaaction.org/desk/csm0306.htm).
 * Moreover,responding to the current health crisis through the** **discourse of repa****rations is necessary** **to add****ress lingering damage.**

Steve **__Miller,__** The Washington Times, September 11, 200**__1__****__.__**
 * And,** **rebuilding public health is the necessary form of these repa****rations.**

Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Archbishop Desmond **__Tutu__** 5 September 200**__1__** Ecumenical caucus statement at World Conference Against Racism http://www.oikoumene.org/index.php?id=2442.
 * And, this continued colonialism contributes to immeasurable dehumanization and death – leading to a loss of value to life.**

Michael E. **__Zimmerman,__** Professor. Philosophy. University of Tulane. **__1993 (__**Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Pg. 119-120. 1993.)
 * And, value to life out weighs nuclear war and extinction**

1AC - Reparations


 * Chapter 2:** **Decision Calculus**

Lucy **__Jarosz__**, University of Washington Department of Geography, 19**__92__**, Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography, Vol. 74, No. 2., p. 105-115, JSTOR.
 * R****epresentation shapes the way policies towards** **Afri****ca** **are created – representations of** **Africa** **a****s the "Other" justifies** **cultural domination – we must question our framing and representations in the context of** **Africa****.**

Riat **__Abrahamsen__**, Department of Internatino Politics – University of Wales, 200**__5__**, Alternatives 30, Blair's Africa: "The Polics of Securitization of Fear".
 * And,** **Prioritizing the politics of the "here" above the politics of the "elsewhere" represe****nts** **Africa** **as a risk - this** **perpetuates the cause of violence rather than contributing to their solution.**

Alan **__Gewirth ‘82__**, Edward Edward Carson Waller Distinguished Service Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago, Human Rights, p. 230]
 * The decision to advocate the plan should not be conditioned on poor choices other people will make afterwards — we can act only on our own moral agency**


 * And, Err of the side of probable impacts - their so called experts don’t understand the future of political affairs and cannot accurately predict events. They are as accurate as monkey’s throwing dart.**
 * __Menand 2005 (__**Louis ,phd Colombia and Robert M. and Anne T. Bass Professor of English and American Literature and Language at [|Harvard University]., The New Yorker, 12-05-2005, http://www.newyorker.com/critics/content/articles/051205crbo_books1 ) [O’Brien]

Anna **__Kurtz__** **__and__** Christopher **__Oscarson__**, Members of National Council of Teachers of English Conference on College, Composition and Communication, **__2003__** ("BookTalk: Revising the Discourse of Hate," ProQuest)
 * Finally, suppressing phrase like “sub-Saharan” because it is offensive preserves its injurious meaning - only by using the language can space be opened to reconstruct a more humane meaning**