SS+IPR+Neg+-+Brain+Drain+DA

IPR protections prevent reverse brain drain
Richard **Rozek**, Senior Vice President at National Economic Research Associates, **2000** [“The Effects of Compulsory Licensing on Innovation and Access to Health Care,” The //Journal of World Intellectual Property//, Volume 3, No. 6, November, pp. 889-917, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2000.tb00158.x, OCRed] Rein

__Countries that encourage local innovative efforts through protecting IPRS are likely to attract more research-oriented jobs and job applicants. Foreign scientists educated in the__ __United States__ __will return to their home countries where IPRS are protected__. In 1980, 48.9 percent of the South Korean students who received Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to remain in the United States after graduation. South Korea improved its protection for IPRS in 1987. __By 1990, only 31.6 percent of the South Korean Ph.D. recipients intented to stay in the__ __United States____.”__ As the National Science Foundation acknowledged, __the trend in__ __South Korea__ __is due to improved employment opportunities.__’* Similar trends exist for Taiwan, Mexico and Brazil. In contrast, __44 percent of the students from Argentina earning Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to stay in the United States in 1980, but 64.2 percent of the Argentine students completing their degrees in 1996 planned to stay in the United States__19 (see Table 2). __Once scientists begin locating in a geographic area, they form a core of intellectual human capital that attracts other scientists and investment capital. Growth of the biotechnology industry in the__ __United States__ __exhibited this pattern__.20 <6-7>

1. Reverse brain drain collapses the economy

 * Rubenstein**, economist and Director of Research for the Hudson Institute, **2001** (Edward, Reverse Brain Drain, December, http://www.zazona.com/ShameH1B/Library/Archives/ReverseBrainDrain.htm) [O’Brien]

Less than competitive wages have created a labor market perversity: unfilled positions amidst a glut of qualified high tech personnel. The Commerce Department estimates 190,000 vacancies exist in the information technology (IT) industry alone. __Regardless of their source, these job vacancies **harm the**__ **__U.S.__** **__economy__**__. A shortage of high-tech workers delays innovation, reduces the growth of high-wage jobs, reduce__ __U.S.__ __exports, and increases the costs of doing business in the__ __United States____. Chronic job vacancies have forced many U.S.-based tech firms to move their operations overseas.__

2. Economic collapse causes extinction
T.T. **Bearden,** Director of the Association of Distinguished American Scientists, **2000** 

History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. __Prior to the final economic collapse, the stress on nations will have increased the intensity and number of__ their __conflicts__, to the point __where__ the arsenals of weapons of mass destruction (__WMD) now possessed by some 25 nations, are almost certain to be released__. As an example, suppose a starving __North Korea__ {[7]} __launches__ nuclear weapons __upon__ __Japan__ and South Korea, including U.S. forces there, in a spasmodic suicidal response. Or suppose a desperate __China__ — whose long-range nuclear missiles (some) can reach the United States — __attacks__ __Taiwan__. In addition to immediate responses, the __mutual treaties__ involved in such scenarios __will **quickly** draw other nations into the conflict, **escalating it significantly**__. Strategic nuclear studies have shown for decades that, under such extreme stress conditions, once a few nukes are launched, adversaries and potential adversaries are then compelled to launch on perception of preparations by one's adversary. The real legacy of the MAD concept is this side of the MAD coin that is almost never discussed. Without effective defense, __the only chance a nation has to survive at all is to launch **immediate full-bore pre-emptive strikes**__ and try to take out its perceived foes as rapidly and massively as possible. As the studies showed, **__rapid escalation__** __to full WMD exchange occurs__. Today, a great percent of the WMD arsenals that will be unleashed, are already on site within the United States itself {[8]}. __The resulting great **Armageddon will destroy civilization** as we know it, and__ perhaps most of __the biosphere__, at least for many decades.