Nicholas+Dumlao+and+Mindy+Hunyh+1AC

Contention One is Inherency

Disease surveillance systems in Africa are currently failing James Thuo Njugana, Master’s Degree in Biotechnology; Writer, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Biological and Chemical Weapons; Member, International Livestock Research Institute, worked on control of trypanosomosis and malaria; Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed], 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

Plan: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES AS NECESSARY TO ENSURE COMPREHENSIVE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA

Contention Two is Solvency

The United States is uniquely positioned to do disease surveillance due to technical expertise. (Population and Development Review, March 96, “The National Science and Technology Council on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases” Vol. 22, No. 1., JSTOR) [Ram]

US action is critical to spur international cooperation which is necessary to solve case. (Population and Development Review, March 96, “The National Science and Technology Council on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases” Vol. 22, No. 1., JSTOR) [Ram]

Lack of US leadership would destroy all other multilateral efforts at international cooperation. David P. Fidler, B.A., 1986, University of Kansas; J.D., 1991, Harvard Law School; M. Phil. International Relations, 1988, University of Oxford; B.C.L., 1991, University of Oxford. Associate, Sullivan & Cromwell, London, 1991-93. Associate, Stinson, Mag & Fizzell, Kansas City, 1993-95. Lecturer, University of Oxford, 1990-93; Professor, International Law, Indiana; World authority on bioterrorism, infectious diseases, and foreign investment; Consultant, WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Public Health; Advisor, US Department of Defense, Bioterrorism, and to the Federation of American Scientists Working Group on Biological Weapons, Spring 2002, “Bioterrorism, Public Health, And International Law,” Chicago Journal of International Law 7-25, 23-25, http://academic.udayton.edu/health/syllabi/Bioterrorism/2PublicHealth/PHealth01.htm//bchang

Disease surveillance effectively contains disease through allowing for pattern recognition and basic precautionary procedure--local health workers alone lack necessary skills. James Thuo Njugana, Master’s Degree in Biotechnology; Writer, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Biological and Chemical Weapons; Member, International Livestock Research Institute, worked on control of trypanosomosis and malaria; Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed], 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

Advantage One—Bioterrorism

Current African public health systems don’t take bioterrorism seriously; revitalizing disease surveillance systems is necessary to solve. Chandre Gould, Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed]; Network Coordinator, BioWeapons Prevention Project 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

We’ll win probability and timeframe—Africa’s political climate means that a bioweapon attack is both imminent and inevitable. Terrorists already have access to weapons; they could attack at any time. James Thuo Njugana, Master’s Degree in Biotechnology; Writer, Bonn International Center for Conversion, Biological and Chemical Weapons; Member, International Livestock Research Institute, worked on control of trypanosomosis and malaria; Writer, African Security Review [Peer Reviewed], 2005, Institute for Security Studies, African Security Review, Volume 14, Issue 1, http://www.openj-gate.org/Articlelist.asp?Source=1&Journal_ID=103955//bchang

A bioterror attack would cause human extinction. Richard Ochs, Member, Depleted Uranium Task Force, Military Toxics Project; former President, Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition; Member, Chemical Weapons Working Group, Freelance Writer, 6/9/02, Free From Terror, “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately,” http://www.freefromterror.net/other_articles/abolish.html

Disease surveillance is the most critical internal link to fighting bioterror—it would provide early warnings and other information necessary to solve. Joseph P. Dudley, Ph.D., Biologist; Wildlife Ecologist; former Diplomacy Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; former U.S. Peace Corps volunteer, 11/04, BioScience, Volume 54, Issue 11, “Global Zoonotic Disease Surveillance: An Emerging Public Health and Biosecurity Imperative,” http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&issn=0006-3568&volume=054&issue=11&page=0982//bchang

Disease surveillance prevents massive destruction from bio terror attacks (Rebecca Katz, Woodro Wilson Schol Doctoal Student at Princeton University, 2002, The Washington Quarterly, 25.3, 69 – 82, Project Muse) [Ram]

Advantage Two—Avian Flu

A human outbreak is extremely probable in Africa—lack of surveillance means it’ll slip under the radar until it’s too late to contain. WHO, World Health Organization, 2005, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, “Influenza Pandemic Risk Assessment and Preparedness in Africa,” http://www.afro.who.int/csr/epr/avian_flu/afr_avian_flu_31_10_05.pdf//bchang

Spillover is guaranteed—due to globalization, avian flu will quickly spread out of Africa to the rest of the world if not contained. Joseph P. Dudley, Ph.D., Biologist; Wildlife Ecologist; former Diplomacy Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; former U.S. Peace Corps volunteer, 11/04, BioScience, Volume 54, Issue 11, “Global Zoonotic Disease Surveillance: An Emerging Public Health and Biosecurity Imperative,” http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&issn=0006-3568&volume=054&issue=11&page=0982//bchang

Disease surveillance is necessary to prevent avian flu from secretly spreading without detection, which would make it uncontainable. US State Department, 3/6/06, “United States, Partners Build Global Disease Surveillance” [|http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=March&x=20060302154057cmretrop0.1840326)] [Ram]

Every day the risk of mutation increases. Early detection through surveillance is critical to solve the disease. Charlene Porter, Washington File Staff Writer, 3/2/06, http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2006/Mar/02-409618.html

Once mutated, avian flu would kill billions and wreck the global economy. Chandra ’04 (Mr. Satish Chandra is the Deputy National Security Advisor of India – Center for Strategic Decision Research – Global Security: A broader Concept for the 21st Century -- May 7th)

Economic collapse culminates in a US-China nuclear war. Mead 04 – Senior Fellow at Council on Foreign Relations [Walter Russell, “America's STICKY Power,” Foreign Policy, Mar/Apr, Proquest]

We must act now—avian flu is already on the move in Africa—implementing surveillance immediately is the only way to solve. US State Department, 6/7/07, “U.S. Fights Pandemic Influenza in Sub-Saharan African Nations” [|http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=texttrans-english&y=2007&m=June&x=20070607162958eaifas0.852688)] [Ram]

Advantage Three—Genocide

Disease surveillance is necessary to predict and prevent genocide before it occurs—the work involved in the surveillance of diseases can be easily applied to prevent violence. David P. Eisenman, assistant professor for the Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research at the UCLA School of medicine, 2002, “Genocide” Encyclopedia of public health, http://health.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/genocide [Nathan]

Moreover, this system allows the prediction of refugee migrations, which is a critical internal link into solving massive manifestations of violence, including civil wars and genocide. Jeff Grabmeier assistant director of research communications at Ohio State University, 9/29/98, “Warning Systems may help predict potential refugee crises”, http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/refugee.htm [Nathan]

We as intellectuals must speak out in public forums against genocide. Continual failure to deal with genocide crushes the human spirit and makes multiple scenarios for extinction inevitable. Our ethic is key to solve all suffering. Ketels ’96 Associate Professor of English at Temple University//bchang