SS+Disease+neg+-+T+-+not+SSA

1. Sub Saharan Africa refers to the __region__
(http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=sub-[|saharan+africa&r=66)] sub-saharan Africa...the region of Africa to the south of the Sahara Desert
 * Princeton University WordNet. 2006**

2. Public health requires addressing all members of a population that are affected by a public health threat—it can’t target individual groups that suffer

 * Dawson and Verweij, 07** (Angus, Centre for Professional Ethics, Keele University, and Marcel, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, “The Meaning of ‘Public’ in ‘Public Health’”, __Ethics, Prevention, and Public Health__, http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-929069-5.pdf)

This last dimension of 'public health' has a strong connection with our basic understanding of the concept of 'the public', in the sense of the difference between talking about the public (or the public interest) as being different from a well-defined group of specified individuals (and their individual aggregated interests). As we saw above, there is a sense in which 'the public' refers to an indefinite number of non-assignable individuals, as Jeremy Bentham amongst others has suggested (Barry 1965: 229; Bentham 1996). __The 'public' in this sense might refer to all members of a given community or state, but it need not, as a 'public' can also involve a smaller group of persons, as long as the persons are not specified__. __For example, in the context of a public health response to prostitution, all actual clients__ (and all persons who would consider visiting a prostitute) __are members of the relevant 'public'.__ Improving the underlying social and environmental conditions of health will affect the health of persons, and that is an important reason for action, even though it will often be impossible to determine who exactly benefited from it. __That the 'public' in public health refers to an indefinite number of individuals does not mean that any improvement in relation to public health necessarily implies improvement of the health of many persons. The number cannot be specified.__ For example, __improving protection against a bioterrorist attack might save millions of people, or it might save 'only' a few. But the important thing is that it might be anyone of us, who is saved__. Any individual member of the relevant community has a share in the benefit from the improvement in public health. Similarly, in economic and political theory, __public goods are goods that are open to all: it is not specified in advance which particular individuals will benefit from those goods__. However, whilst such goods are 'open to all', this does not necessarily imply that every person will indeed benefit. On the other hand, just because any individual benefits are 'merely' statistical does not mean that the intervention is unethical. However, it does mean that we should think clearly about whether or not it is justifiable, preferably, before it is introduced. To conclude, talking about public health in the sense of 'the health of the public' has several dimensions. First, it may refer to the sum of the health of all individuals in the relevant group or population. Second it might also refer to the way that health is 'distributed' in a population. And finally, an important sense of public health refers to underlying social and environmental conditions that might affect the health of each member of the public.

===B. Violation: The WHO Africa region excludes some countries in SSA (Somalia, Sudan, Djibouti, and Western Sahara) which targets particular individuals and countries not in SSA (Algeria) which is extra-topical. This exclusion means they don't provide health assistance to the public.===

C. Standards
1. Limits. The negative has to research all 48 countries for each case. This explodes the already broad topic making research near impossible. 2. Education. They prevent in depth debate about the region as whole, which most of the literature talks about. Even if we get education on specific countries it isn’t nearly as applicable as education on a wider issue. 3. Predictability: The negative can never predict one of the 48 countries for every single case. This is an impossible research burden for the negative.